1、 Work pressure

的工作压力应根据结垢性质合理选择。

The working pressure should be reasonably selected based on the nature of scaling.

目前的清洗压力大致可以分为三类：

The current cleaning pressure can be roughly divided into three categories:

1）低压（100bar以下）

1) Low pressure (below 100bar)

这种清洗机压力通常在100bar以下，水泵大多数为低压往复泵或者是离心泵，清洗对象一般是污染不太严重的污垢。

The pressure of this type of cleaning machine is usually below 100bar, and most of the water pumps are low-pressure reciprocating pumps or centrifugal pumps. The cleaning object is generally dirt with less severe pollution.

2）高压（100bar-1000bar）

2) High pressure (100bar-1000bar)

这个压力段属于，工作压力范围是100bar-1000bar之间，水泵大多数是高压往复泵。清洗对象通常是污染较为严重的污垢。

This pressure range is between 100bar and 1000bar, and most water pumps are high-pressure reciprocating pumps. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

3）超高压（1000bar以上）

3) Ultra high pressure (above 1000bar)

工作压力大于1000bar的清洗机可以称为超，设备核心多为增压器或者是超高压往复泵。清洗对象通常是污染非常严重的污垢。

A cleaning machine with a working pressure greater than 1000bar can be called a super, and the core of the equipment is mostly a booster or an ultra-high pressure reciprocating pump. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

剥离能力与工作压力的关系如下：

The relationship between stripping ability and work pressure is as follows:

1）工作压力100bar，可用于剥离淤泥和疏松的岩层。

1) The working pressure is 100bar, which can be used to remove silt and loose rock layers.

2）工作压力210bar，可用于剥离轻度船舶垢污和轻度燃料油残留物及铝制散热器及壳体。

2) The working pressure is 210bar, which can be used to remove mild ship dirt and mild fuel oil residue, as well as aluminum radiators and shells.

3）工作压力320bar，可用于剥离普通衍生物、砂石和泥石层、疏松的混凝土、轻度热轧钢淀氧化层及疏松的漆层和锈层。

3) The working pressure is 320bar, which can be used to peel off ordinary derivatives, sand and debris layers, loose concrete, mild hot-rolled steel lake oxidation layers, and loose paint and rust layers.

4）工作压力400-700bar，可用于剥离管内混凝土、铸铁件模型、跑道除胶、轻基石灰石、石子层及焦油沉积物和常见石化垢层。

4) The working pressure is 400-700bar, which can be used to peel off the concrete inside the pipe, cast iron model, runway glue removal, lightweight limestone, gravel layer, tar deposits, and common petrochemical scale layers.

5）工作压力700-1050bar，可用于混凝土切割和剥离厚漆层、石灰石、大量热轧钢锭氧化皮矽土型芯、燃烧碳沉积物及厚层煤渣。

5) The working pressure is 700-1050bar, which can be used for concrete cutting and peeling thick paint layers, limestone, a large amount of hot rolled steel ingot oxide skin silica core, combustion carbon deposits, and thick coal slag.

6）工作压力1000-2100bar，可用于剥离花岗石、大理石、石灰岩、船舶的环氧基漆以及铅板、铝板橡胶、冷冻食品等的切割。

6) The working pressure is 1000-2100bar, which can be used to peel granite, marble, limestone, epoxy paint of ships, and cut lead plate, aluminum plate rubber, frozen food, etc.

二、实际流量

2、 Actual traffic

清洗作业时的实际流量一般取决于原始的额定流量，计算时可以采用以下公式：

The actual flow rate during cleaning operations generally depends on the original rated flow rate, and the following formula can be used for calculation:

公式（1）中U—流量，m/s；Ρ—工作压力，MPa；ρ—液流密度，kg/m?。

In formula (1), U - flow rate, m/s; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa; ρ— Liquid flow density, kg/m?.

三、载荷面所受的打击力

3、 Impact force on the load surface

高压水射流连续打击平坦表面时，载荷面所受的打击力F的经验计算公式如下：

The empirical formula for calculating the impact force F on the load surface when a high-pressure water jet continuously strikes a flat surface is as follows:

公式（2）中F—载荷面所受打击力，Ν；Α—喷嘴的截面积，m?；Ρ—工作压力，MPa。

In formula (2), F - the impact force on the load surface, Ν；Α— The cross-sectional area of the nozzle, m?; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa.

四、喷射距离

4、 Spray distance

高压水射流喷射距离是指喷嘴到清洗表面的距离，它的大小对清洗质量有很大的影响。当喷射距离增大时，高压水射流到被清洗表面的扩散程度会增大，也是说增大了射流功率的损失。而当喷射距离减小时，单位时间内除垢面积也会随之减小。所以，如果喷射距离过大或者过小都会降低清洗效率。经过试验证明，一般机体表面油船类的清洗，喷射距离在（150-300）D范围内比较好。其中D是喷嘴的出口直径。

The high-pressure water jet spraying distance refers to the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface, and its size has a significant impact on the cleaning quality. When the spraying distance increases, the diffusion degree of high-pressure water jet to the cleaned surface will increase, which also increases the loss of jet power. When the spraying distance decreases, the scale removal area per unit time also decreases. So, if the spraying distance is too large or too small, it will reduce the cleaning efficiency. After testing, it has been proven that for the cleaning of oil tankers on the surface of the general engine body, the spraying distance is relatively good within the range of (150-300) D. Where D is the outlet diameter of the nozzle.

五、入射角

5、 Incidence angle

根据试验和经验的数据表明，清洗油脂表面时，入射角为17度合适。

According to experimental and empirical data, it is appropriate to have an incidence angle of 17 degrees when cleaning the oil surface.

根据以上实验数据，说明了针对不同工业清洗的对象，要选择合适的参数，才能实现更高效的除垢及清洗。以其特殊的优点、操作的简便和对环境的无污染已经受到越来越多企业的重视。

Based on the above experimental data, it is explained that for different industrial cleaning objects, it is necessary to choose appropriate parameters in order to achieve more efficient scale removal and cleaning. With its special advantages, easy operation, and no pollution to the environment, it has attracted more and more attention from enterprises.